Muaj ntau hom khoom siv refractory raw thiab ntau txoj kev faib tawm. Muaj rau pawg feem ntau.
Ua ntej, raws li cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv refractory raw kev faib tawm
Nws muaj peev xwm muab faib ua cov khoom siv oxide raw thiab cov khoom siv tsis-oxide raw. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, qee cov organic compounds tau dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej lossis cov ntaub ntawv pabcuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws kub ua tau zoo.
Ob, raws li cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv refractory raw kev faib tawm
Raws li cov yam ntxwv tshuaj lom neeg, cov khoom siv hluav taws kub tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv hluav taws kub uas tsis muaj zog, xws li silica, zircon, thiab lwm yam; cov khoom siv hluav taws kub tsis muaj zog, xws li corundum, bauxite (acidic), mullite (acidic), pyrite (alkaline), graphite, thiab lwm yam; cov khoom siv hluav taws kub alkaline, xws li magnesia, dolomite xuab zeb, magnesia calcium xuab zeb, thiab lwm yam.
Peb, raws li cov txheej txheem ntau lawm kev faib tawm
Raws li nws lub luag haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom refractory, cov khoom siv refractory tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv pabcuam.
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv refractory. Cov khoom siv pabcuam tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov binders thiab additives. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov binder yog ua kom lub cev refractory muaj zog txaus hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv. Feem ntau siv yog sulfite pulp waste liquid, asphalt, phenolic resin, aluminate cement, sodium silicate, phosphoric acid thiab phosphate, sulfate, thiab qee cov khoom siv tseem ceeb lawv tus kheej muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev, xws li bonded clay; Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov additives yog los txhim kho kev tsim khoom lossis kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom siv refractory, lossis txhawb qee yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv refractory, xws li stabilizer, dej txo tus neeg sawv cev, inhibitor, plasticizer, foaming agent dispersant, expansion agent, antioxidant, thiab lwm yam.
Plaub, raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus kev faib tawm
Raws li cov kua qaub thiab alkali, cov khoom siv refractory tuaj yeem faib ua tsib pawg hauv qab no.
(1) Cov khoom siv acidic
Cov khoom siv siliceous feem ntau, xws li quartz, squamquartz, quartzite, chalcedony, chert, opal, quartzite, xuab zeb silica dawb, diatomite, cov khoom siv siliceous no muaj silica (SiO2) tsawg kawg yog ntau dua 90%, cov khoom siv ntshiab muaj silica txog li ntau dua 99%. Cov khoom siv siliceous yog acidic hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg kub siab, thaum muaj cov hlau oxides, lossis thaum sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg, thiab sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv fusible silicates. Yog li ntawd, yog tias cov khoom siv siliceous muaj me ntsis ntawm cov hlau oxide, nws yuav cuam tshuam loj heev rau nws qhov kev tiv taus cua sov.
(2) cov khoom siv raw semi-acidic
Nws yog feem ntau yog av nplaum refractory. Yav dhau los kev faib tawm, av nplaum tau teev tseg ua cov khoom siv acidic, qhov tseeb tsis tsim nyog. Qhov acidity ntawm cov khoom siv refractory raw yog raws li silica dawb (SiO2) ua lub cev tseem ceeb, vim tias raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ntawm cov av nplaum refractory thiab cov khoom siv siliceous raw, silica dawb hauv cov av nplaum refractory yog tsawg dua li cov khoom siv siliceous raw.
Vim tias muaj 30% ~ 45% alumina nyob rau hauv cov av nplaum refractory dav dav, thiab alumina tsis tshua muaj lub xeev dawb, khi rau kev sib xyaw nrog silica rau hauv kaolinite (Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · 2H2O), txawm tias muaj silica ntau dhau me ntsis, lub luag haujlwm tseem me heev. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom acid ntawm cov av nplaum refractory tsis muaj zog dua li cov khoom siv siliceous raw. Ib txhia neeg ntseeg tias cov av nplaum refractory ntawm qhov kub siab decompose rau hauv silicate dawb, alumina dawb, tab sis tsis hloov pauv, silicate dawb thiab alumina dawb yuav raug sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv quartz (3Al2O3 · 2SiO2) thaum txuas ntxiv raug cua sov. Quartz muaj cov kua qaub zoo tiv taus alkaline slag, thiab vim muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm alumina hauv cov av nplaum refractory, cov kua qaub maj mam qaug zog, thaum alumina mus txog 50%, cov khoom alkaline lossis nruab nrab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua los ntawm cov av nplaum cib nyob rau hauv siab siab, siab ceev, compact zoo, porosity qis, tiv taus alkaline slag yog muaj zog dua li silica nyob rau hauv kub siab. Quartz kuj qeeb heev hauv nws qhov kev yaig, yog li peb xav tias nws tsim nyog los faib cov av nplaum refractory ua semi-acidic. Cov av nplaum refractory yog cov khoom siv raw yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab siv dav hauv kev lag luam refractory.
(3) cov khoom siv raw tsis muaj txiaj ntsig
Cov khoom siv tsis muaj zog feem ntau yog chromite, graphite, silicon carbide (dag), nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kub thiab txias tsis cuam tshuam nrog acid lossis alkaline slag. Tam sim no muaj ob yam khoom zoo li no hauv xwm, chromite thiab graphite. Ntxiv rau graphite ntuj, muaj graphite dag, cov khoom siv tsis muaj zog no, muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau slag, qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv alkaline refractory thiab acid refractory rwb thaiv tsev.
(4) cov khoom siv alkaline refractory raw
Feem ntau yog magnesite (magnesite), dolomite, txiv qaub ntsuab, olivine, serpentine, cov khoom siv oxygen siab alumina (qee zaum tsis muaj zog), cov khoom siv raw no muaj zog tiv taus alkaline slag, feem ntau siv rau hauv masonry alkaline cub tawg, tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yooj yim thiab acid slag tshuaj lom neeg ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua ntsev.
(5) Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tsis kub hnyiab
Feem ntau yog zirconia, titanium oxide, beryllium oxide, cerium oxide, thorium oxide, yttrium oxide thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv raw no muaj ntau qib kev tiv taus txhua yam slag, tab sis vim tias cov khoom siv raw tsis muaj ntau, tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam refractory, tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, yog li nws hu ua cov ntaub ntawv raw tiv taus hluav taws tshwj xeeb.
Tsib, raws li tiam ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom faib tawm
Raws li tiam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw, muaj peev xwm muab faib ua cov ntaub ntawv raw ntuj thiab cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom hluavtaws ob pawg.
(1) cov khoom siv raw khoom ntuj tsim
Cov khoom siv ntuj tsim tseem yog lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Cov zaub mov uas tshwm sim hauv xwm yog tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas ua rau lawv. Tam sim no, nws tau ua pov thawj tias tag nrho cov pa oxygen, silicon thiab txhuas peb lub ntsiab lus suav txog li 90% ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus hauv lub crust, thiab oxide, silicate thiab aluminosilicate minerals suav rau qhov zoo pom tseeb, uas yog cov khoom siv raw ntuj tsim loj heev.
Tuam Tshoj muaj cov khoom siv refractory nplua nuj thiab ntau yam. Magnesite, bauxite, graphite thiab lwm yam khoom siv tuaj yeem hu ua peb lub hauv paus ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv refractory; Magnesite thiab bauxite muaj cov khoom khaws cia loj thiab qib siab; cov av nplaum refractory zoo heev, xws li silica, dolomite, magnesia dolomite, magnesia olivine, serpentine, zircon thiab lwm yam khoom siv tau faib dav.
Cov khoom siv raw ntuj tseem ceeb yog: silica, quartz, diatomite, wax, av nplaum, bauxite, cyanite mineral raw khoom, magnesite, dolomite, limestone, magnesite olivine, serpentine, talc, chlorite, zircon, plagiozircon, perlite, chromium hlau thiab natural graphite.
Rau, Raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv raw khoom ntuj tsim tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
Siliceous: xws li crystalline silica, quartz xuab zeb cemented silica, thiab lwm yam.;
② semi-siliceous (phyllachite, thiab lwm yam)
③ Av nplaum: xws li av nplaum tawv, av nplaum mos, thiab lwm yam; Muab av nplaum thiab av nplaum clinker ua ke
(4) Cov txhuas siab: tseem hu ua jade, xws li cov pob zeb bauxite siab, sillimanite minerals;
⑤ Magnesium: magnesite;
⑥ Dolomite;
⑦ Chromite [(Fe,Mg)O·(Cr,Al)2O3];
Zircon (ZrO2 · SiO2).
Cov khoom siv ntuj tsim feem ntau muaj ntau yam tsis huv, cov khoom sib xyaw tsis ruaj khov, kev ua tau zoo hloov pauv ntau heev, tsuas yog ob peb yam khoom siv raw tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha, feem ntau ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav, ntsuas lossis txawm tias calcined kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv refractory.
(2) cov khoom siv hluav taws kub ua los ntawm cov khoom siv raw
Cov hom zaub mov ntuj tsim uas siv rau cov khoom siv raw muaj tsawg, thiab feem ntau lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv refractory zoo thiab thev naus laus zis siab rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Cov khoom siv refractory hluavtaws tuaj yeem ncav cuag cov neeg lub cev tsim thiab cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg uas tau tsim ua ntej, nws cov qauv huv, cov qauv ntom ntom, cov tshuaj lom neeg yooj yim tswj, yog li qhov zoo ruaj khov, tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam khoom siv refractory siab heev, yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv refractory niaj hnub no uas muaj kev txawj ntse siab thiab thev naus laus zis siab. Kev txhim kho cov khoom siv refractory hluavtaws tau nrawm heev hauv nees nkaum xyoo dhau los.
Cov khoom siv ua kom tsis muaj zog yog cov magnesium txhuas spinel, synthetic mullite, seawater magnesia, synthetic magnesium cordierite, sintered corundum, aluminium titanate, silicon carbide thiab lwm yam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-19-2023
